• Penumbra average pre-tax profit margin for 2024 was 2.46%, a 47.32% increase from 2023.
• Penumbra average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 4.67%, a 241.09% decline from 2022.
• Penumbra average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -3.31%, a 707.32% decline from 2021.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.