• Penumbra average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 4.67%, a 241.09% decline from 2022.
• Penumbra average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -3.31%, a 707.32% decline from 2021.
• Penumbra average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was -0.41%, a 54.95% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.