• Penumbra average operating margin for 2023 was 4.33%, a 250.35% decline from 2022.
• Penumbra average operating margin for 2022 was -2.88%, a 829.03% decline from 2021.
• Penumbra average operating margin for 2021 was -0.31%, a 65.93% increase from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.