• Stora Enso Oyj average gross margin for 2023 was 27.2%, a 13.46% decline from 2022.
• Stora Enso Oyj average gross margin for 2022 was 31.43%, a 1.54% decline from 2021.
• Stora Enso Oyj average gross margin for 2021 was 31.92%, a 0.66% decline from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.