• Klabin SA average gross margin for 2023 was 43.39%, a 4.81% decline from 2022.
• Klabin SA average gross margin for 2022 was 41.4%, a 5.26% increase from 2021.
• Klabin SA average gross margin for 2021 was 39.33%, a 7.37% increase from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.