• PPL average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 11.1%, a 9.24% increase from 2022.
• PPL average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 12.23%, a 6.35% decline from 2021.
• PPL average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 11.5%, a 35.61% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.