• Iberdrola S.A average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 13.78%, a 0.72% increase from 2022.
• Iberdrola S.A average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 13.88%, a 0.07% decline from 2021.
• Iberdrola S.A average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 13.89%, a 7.09% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.