• E.ON SE average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 0.47%, a 90.23% increase from 2022.
• E.ON SE average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 4.81%, a 31.77% decline from 2021.
• E.ON SE average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 7.05%, a 188.93% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.