• Lincoln National average gross margin for 2023 was 0.28%, a 99.04% increase from 2022.
• Lincoln National average gross margin for 2022 was 29.14%, a 116.17% decline from 2021.
• Lincoln National average gross margin for 2021 was 13.48%, a 378.01% increase from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.