• Lincoln National average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was -4.6%, a 118.27% decline from 2022.
• Lincoln National average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 25.18%, a 117.63% decline from 2021.
• Lincoln National average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 11.57%, a 301.74% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.