• Grab Holdings average pre-tax profit margin for 2024 was -7.26%, a 85.82% decline from 2023.
• Grab Holdings average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was -51.19%, a 83.07% decline from 2022.
• Grab Holdings average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -302.37%, a 42.54% decline from 2021.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.