• Elastic average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was -18.77%, a 18.92% decline from 2022.
• Elastic average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -23.15%, a 12.32% decline from 2021.
• Elastic average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was -20.61%, a 40.59% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.