• Coupang average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 1.98%, a 149.5% decline from 2022.
• Coupang average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -4%, a 41% decline from 2021.
• Coupang average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was -6.78%, a 75.19% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.