• Coupang average operating margin for 2023 was 1.65%, a 141.67% decline from 2022.
• Coupang average operating margin for 2022 was -3.96%, a 42.77% decline from 2021.
• Coupang average operating margin for 2021 was -6.92%, a 60.56% decline from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.