• PDD Holdings average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 29.15%, a 23.52% increase from 2022.
• PDD Holdings average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 23.6%, a 4240.35% increase from 2021.
• PDD Holdings average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was -0.57%, a 97.24% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.