• Ball average operating margin for 2023 was 8.02%, a 9.79% increase from 2022.
• Ball average operating margin for 2022 was 8.89%, a 7.49% decline from 2021.
• Ball average operating margin for 2021 was 9.61%, a 25.46% decline from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.