• Ball average pre-tax profit margin for 2024 was 5%, a 18.2% increase from 2023.
• Ball average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 4.23%, a 37.7% increase from 2022.
• Ball average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 6.79%, a 9.47% decline from 2021.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.