• Air China average operating margin for 2023 was -32.48%, a 19.62% decline from 2022.
• Air China average operating margin for 2022 was -40.41%, a 180.24% decline from 2021.
• Air China average operating margin for 2021 was -14.42%, a 2984% increase from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.