• Air China average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was -33.05%, a 22.07% decline from 2022.
• Air China average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -42.41%, a 223% decline from 2021.
• Air China average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was -13.13%, a 470.9% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.