• Japan Airlines average operating margin for 2023 was -28.76%, a 4.89% decline from 2022.
• Japan Airlines average operating margin for 2022 was -27.42%, a 49.75% increase from 2021.
• Japan Airlines average operating margin for 2021 was -18.31%, a 231.7% increase from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.