• Ahold average return on tangible equity for 2023 was 104.48, a 43.41% decline from 2022.
• Ahold average return on tangible equity for 2022 was 184.64, a 9.34% decline from 2021.
• Ahold average return on tangible equity for 2021 was 168.87, a 70.58% increase from 2020.

Return on tangible equity can be defined as the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity, after subtracting intangible assets, goodwill and preferred equity.