• Ahold average operating margin for 2023 was 3.81%, a 10.56% decline from 2022.
• Ahold average operating margin for 2022 was 4.26%, a 29.88% decline from 2021.
• Ahold average operating margin for 2021 was 3.28%, a 17.79% increase from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.