• Ahold average ebitda margin for 2023 was 8.18%, a 2.5% decline from 2022.
• Ahold average ebitda margin for 2022 was 8.39%, a 16.37% decline from 2021.
• Ahold average ebitda margin for 2021 was 7.21%, a 10.77% increase from 2020.

Ebitda margin can be defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization as a portion of total revenue.