• Rakuten average net profit margin for 2024 was -11.83%, a 29.67% decline from 2023.
• Rakuten average net profit margin for 2023 was -16.82%, a 11.39% decline from 2022.
• Rakuten average net profit margin for 2022 was -15.1%, a 83.92% increase from 2021.

Net profit margin can be defined as net Income as a portion of total sales revenue.