• Randstad Holding average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 3.45%, a 17.86% decline from 2022.
• Randstad Holding average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 4.2%, a 19.32% decline from 2021.
• Randstad Holding average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 3.52%, a 67.62% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.