• Koninklijke KPN average return on tangible equity for 2023 was 1215.72, a 434.43% decline from 2022.
• Koninklijke KPN average return on tangible equity for 2022 was -363.52, a 20.55% decline from 2021.
• Koninklijke KPN average return on tangible equity for 2021 was -301.55, a 95.91% increase from 2020.

Return on tangible equity can be defined as the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity, after subtracting intangible assets, goodwill and preferred equity.