• Dow average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 4.47%, a 65.98% decline from 2022.
• Dow average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 13.14%, a 5.8% decline from 2021.
• Dow average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 12.42%, a 871.43% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.