• Cardinal Health average return on tangible equity for 2023 was -4.76, a 137.78% increase from 2022.
• Cardinal Health average return on tangible equity for 2022 was 12.6, a 228.05% decline from 2021.
• Cardinal Health average return on tangible equity for 2021 was -9.84, a 168.96% decline from 2020.

Return on tangible equity can be defined as the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity, after subtracting intangible assets, goodwill and preferred equity.