• Vertex average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was -3.7%, a 131.25% decline from 2022.
• Vertex average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -1.6%, a 80.49% increase from 2021.
• Vertex average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was -8.2%, a 51.54% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.