• Upstart Holdings average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was -48.72%, a 576.67% decline from 2022.
• Upstart Holdings average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -7.2%, a 158.11% increase from 2021.
• Upstart Holdings average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 12.39%, a 427.23% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.