• Universal Health Services average gross margin for 2023 was 89.14%, a 0.32% increase from 2022.
• Universal Health Services average gross margin for 2022 was 88.86%, a 0.12% increase from 2021.
• Universal Health Services average gross margin for 2021 was 88.75%, a 0.2% increase from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.