• Novartis AG average return on equity for 2023 was 18.13, a 40.94% increase from 2022.
• Novartis AG average return on equity for 2022 was 30.7, a 34.59% decline from 2021.
• Novartis AG average return on equity for 2021 was 22.81, a 40.89% increase from 2020.

Roe - return on equity can be defined as the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity. Return on equity measures a corporation's profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested.