• Novartis AG average return on assets for 2023 was 8.29, a 45.5% increase from 2022.
• Novartis AG average return on assets for 2022 was 15.21, a 49.56% decline from 2021.
• Novartis AG average return on assets for 2021 was 10.17, a 43.24% increase from 2020.

Roa - return on assets can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its total assets.