• Nokia average pre-tax profit margin for 2024 was 8.72%, a 7.52% decline from 2023.
• Nokia average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 8.11%, a 3.8% increase from 2022.
• Nokia average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 8.43%, a 19.07% decline from 2021.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.