• Gap average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 0.72%, a 226.32% increase from 2022.
• Gap average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -0.57%, a 296.55% decline from 2021.
• Gap average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 0.29%, a 104.92% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.