• Coherent average pre-tax profit margin for 2024 was -2.51%, a 58.65% decline from 2023.
• Coherent average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was -6.07%, a 210.16% decline from 2022.
• Coherent average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 5.51%, a 50.32% decline from 2021.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.