• Bouygues average gross margin for 2023 was 55.41%, a 0.05% decline from 2022.
• Bouygues average gross margin for 2022 was 55.44%, a 1.4% decline from 2021.
• Bouygues average gross margin for 2021 was 56.23%, a 1.48% decline from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.