• Affirm Holdings average return on tangible equity for 2023 was -46.05, a 25.99% decline from 2022.
• Affirm Holdings average return on tangible equity for 2022 was -36.55, a 1.38% increase from 2021.
• Affirm Holdings average return on tangible equity for 2021 was -37.06, a 322.18% decline from 2020.

Return on tangible equity can be defined as the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity, after subtracting intangible assets, goodwill and preferred equity.