• Alcoa average return on investment for 2023 was -11.62, a 351.52% decline from 2022.
• Alcoa average return on investment for 2022 was 4.62, a 14.6% decline from 2021.
• Alcoa average return on investment for 2021 was 5.41, a 178.86% decline from 2020.

Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.