• UnitedHealth Group average gross margin for 2023 was 24.75%, a 2.4% decline from 2022.
• UnitedHealth Group average gross margin for 2022 was 24.17%, a 2.38% increase from 2021.
• UnitedHealth Group average gross margin for 2021 was 24.76%, a 3.73% decline from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.