• Ricoh average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 3.7%, a 36.53% decline from 2022.
• Ricoh average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 2.71%, a 621.15% increase from 2021.
• Ricoh average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was -0.52%, a 150.49% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.