• Pool average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 13.37%, a 18.97% decline from 2022.
• Pool average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 16.5%, a 15.06% decline from 2021.
• Pool average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 14.34%, a 35.54% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.