• Principal Financial average operating margin for 2023 was 15.75%, a 42.83% decline from 2022.
• Principal Financial average operating margin for 2022 was 27.55%, a 94.29% decline from 2021.
• Principal Financial average operating margin for 2021 was 14.18%, a 43.09% increase from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.