• Norfolk Southern average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 21.2%, a 35.42% increase from 2022.
• Norfolk Southern average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 32.83%, a 4.81% decline from 2021.
• Norfolk Southern average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 34.49%, a 35.57% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.