• Nebius Group average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 8.34%, a 37.62% decline from 2022.
• Nebius Group average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 6.06%, a 32.89% increase from 2021.
• Nebius Group average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 4.56%, a 68.83% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.