• Keppel average return on tangible equity for 2019 was 6.71, a 60.53% decline from 2018.
• Keppel average return on tangible equity for 2018 was 4.18, a 24.55% increase from 2017.
• Keppel average return on tangible equity for 2017 was 5.54, a 39.98% decline from 2016.

Return on tangible equity can be defined as the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity, after subtracting intangible assets, goodwill and preferred equity.