• Kellanova average return on tangible equity for 2024 was -30.62, a 19.42% increase from 2023.
• Kellanova average return on tangible equity for 2023 was -25.64, a 28.68% increase from 2022.
• Kellanova average return on tangible equity for 2022 was -35.95, a 21.13% decline from 2021.

Return on tangible equity can be defined as the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity, after subtracting intangible assets, goodwill and preferred equity.