• Hannover Ruck SE average net profit margin for 2023 was 6.63%, a 53.83% increase from 2022.
• Hannover Ruck SE average net profit margin for 2022 was 4.31%, a 1.82% increase from 2021.
• Hannover Ruck SE average net profit margin for 2021 was 4.39%, a 4.77% decline from 2020.

Net profit margin can be defined as net Income as a portion of total sales revenue.