• Hoya average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 28.15%, a 10.15% decline from 2022.
• Hoya average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 31.33%, a 4.99% decline from 2021.
• Hoya average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 29.84%, a 15.35% increase from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.