• GDS Holdings average operating margin for 2024 was -13.63%, a 956.59% decline from 2023.
• GDS Holdings average operating margin for 2023 was -1.29%, a 119.6% increase from 2022.
• GDS Holdings average operating margin for 2022 was 6.58%, a 28.01% decline from 2021.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.