• Federal Signal average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 11.1%, a 12.92% increase from 2022.
• Federal Signal average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 9.83%, a 7.96% increase from 2021.
• Federal Signal average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 10.68%, a 5.15% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.